Bibliographies

J Rosenberg, Chernobyl Nuclear Disater ,  http://history1900s.about.com/od/horibbledisasters/p/Chernobyl.htm (March 17, 2013)

Nuclear Explosion at Chernobyl , http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nuclear-explosion-at-chernobyl.htm (March 17, 2013)

R.Adams (April 1,1996) , Chernobyl Health Effects: Best Available Data http://atomicinsights.com/1996/04/chernobyl-health-effects-best-available-data.html (April 6, 2013)

Health effects of the Chernobyl accident : An overview, http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/index.html (April 6, 2013)

E. Deakins( March 5 , 2013) Chernobyl's effects on other countries, http://prezi.com/q9xxiou-iqw8/chernobyls-effects-on-other-countries/ ( April 7, 2013)

Post-Chernobyl Global Co-Operation : 5 Years Later,http://iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobbyl-15/cooperation.sthml ( April 7, 2013)

Picture at http://images.google.com/

Video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSzAcJ_cnxU

No More Chernobyl in The Future?

According to W. Larry(2010), radioactive material from the the Chernobyl reactors remains to be dangerous for at least 100, 000 years. Thus, we don't want the incident to ever happen especially in our country. However, our country still have a nuclear reactor which situated in Kuantan. The lynas, which some of our people disagree with the production, are ignoring the facts the the nuclear can be harmful to us if safety measure is not taken seriously.

To prevent this , our country must invite international experts to review the operational safety of the nuclear reactor.Other than that, the company must hired profesional operational workers. Safety measures also must be taken not only for the workers but also the people living near the reactor.

Basically, from my opinion, to avoid this incident to ever happen again, what the government should do is stop the production of nuclear power plant in our country.Thats the only way. If not, this will happen to us :

Source: http://iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobbyl-15/cooperation.sthml

The Global Effects

Countries close to Chernobyl has a cloud of radiation(plume) coming from the sky. This plume effects some areas in Poland, Hungary, Austria and Russia. The effect were some area of the countries were uninhabitable. When tis happen, it disrupt the economics of the countries. In Russia, the sales of vegetables, milk, meat and many fruits was banned on 1987.

Belarus, a country near Chernobyl have to spent million to pay the cost of measurement to avoid the fume to come in the country. Also many countries across Europe had numerous amount of vegetable burned because of the contamination. Overall, the effect that the Chernobyl incident had to others countries near it is economic effect.

Estimated 274 million Euros loss in Poland, Sweden, Britain, and Austria.This are some countries effected by Chernobyl

1. Sweden-Livestock and agricultural product
2. Turkey - Tea
3. Austria- Strawberries
4. Italy-Vegetables
5. Netherlands- Spinach

Souce : http://prezi.com/q9xxiou-iqw8/chernobyls-effects-on-other-countries/

Effects on Chernobyl

The effects of the nuclear blast in Chernobyl are beyond our mind. An estimated 24000 clean-up workers receive high radiation doses. In the summer of 1986, few moth after the incident, 116 000 people were evacuated from chernobyl. These are the effect they incident have on the health of chernobyl people :

1. Thyroid cancer- Among young children of chernobyl due to the high levels of radioactive iodine released from the exploding reactor. This iodine was was deposited in pastures eaten by cows then the iodine concentrated into the milk which is drank by the children of chernobyl.
2. Mortality- Among the clean-up workers that receive high doses of radiation,  28 of them died in 1986 due to acute radiation syndrome(ARS). There are also many death due to ARS along these years but the numbers are still unknown.
3. Cataracts- The lens of eyes are very sensitive to radiation. Thus many of the clean-up workers are effected by cataracts.
4. Stress related illness- This is cause by the fear of radiation and the severe dislocation of people caused by the government ordered evacuation

These are the effects on the plant and animal in Ukraine

1. The radioactive released had many immediate harmful effect on the animal and plant living 20km-30km from chernobyl.
2. There were increase in mortality but decrease in reproduction

Souce : 

http://atomicinsights.com/1996/04/chernobyl-health-effects-best-available-data.html

http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/index.html

The Cause

The major cause of the incident is the mistakes by the the operational workers. The workers are inexperiences, and he did what a simple mistakes will done if not taken care properly which cause the reactor to explodes. What he did actually he set the regulator off, causes the reactor to behave unproperly.

The second cause of the incident is the operator had disabled one last safety system still functioning that will shut down the reactor if accident happens. This safety system will enables the reactor to automatically shut down if there is problem happening at the reactor.

The third cause of the incident is the operator also block own automatic shut down on low water level and this caused loss of turbines because the operator fears that the shut down would abort the test and they have to repeat the test again.

All these causes lead to the reactor being unstable and explodes thus creating history as the world worst nuclear disaster in the world.

Source : http://history1900s.about.com/od/horribledisasters/p/Chernobyl.htm

The Incident

The nuclear power plant was set up to be the safest nuclear power plant ever built. On April 25th, there factor was schedule to shut down for maintenance. While preparing for the shutdown, the operator wanted to perform a test to see how long the turbines could run the emergency cooling system if power is interrupted by accident. With the reactor slowing down in preparation of shutdown, the power in reactor number 4 drops to 1600 mega watts. At this point, only 6 of the minimum of 30 control rods were down making the power to crash down to 30 mega watts only, making the reactor hard to control.  The power then were raised by the operator to 200 mega watts. The the operator make a simple but fatal error by setting the regulator improperly. There were one last safety system that will shut down the reactor but it was disabled. The operator blocked the automatic shutdown because the fear of the shutdown would abort the test and they will have to repeat the test. The operator begin the test, cutting of the steam supply of the remaining turbines. As coolant water began to decrease, the power level began to rise.

Thirty-six seconds after the test has begun,the shift supervisor attempts to drop all control rods back into the reactor realizing the power was rising beyond its limit. In four and a half seconds, the power level inside the reactor rises 120 times the reactor's capacity. The first explosion broke the pressure tubes, releasing steam which blew the contamination lid off the reactor. The second explosion was the reactor fuel and graphite inside the core exploding, sending chunks f graphite and others radioactive elements flying. It destroyed the building and caused more than 30 roof fire.

Source : http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nuclear-explosion-at-chernobyl.htm

Blast From the Past!

Saturday April 26th  1986, a day which every living people in Chernobyl Ukraine will remember for the rest of their life. On that very sacred day, the nuclear power plant exploded and release large quantities of radioactives contamination at the atmosphere, which spread over most part of Ukraine especially Chernobyl. The radiation released are more than those of Nagasaki and Hiroshima and it kills people near it, whilst damaging foods and crops.

Facts about the incident:

1. Chernobyl nuclear power plant : built in Northern Ukraine of Chernobyl
2. Have four reactor which open online since 1977,1978, 1981 and the last now which exploded end online in 1983.
3. Time and date of the incident :1.23 a.m n April 26th 1986
4. Death : Two workers(during the explosion), 28 people (fireman and clean-up workers 3 month after the incident). However, there are many stories on people who actually have died throughout the years after the incident.The numbers are unknown.
5. How many left in Chernobyl?: 187 small communities

To see more about the chernobyl history, visit the following website

http//:history1900s.about.com/od/horribledisasters/p/Chernobyl.htm